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Endocrine surgery is the surgical management of endocrine diseases. Endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons typically work closely together to provide patients with endocrine problems with the best care available.
The term "thyroidectomy" refers to surgeries that include completely or partially removing the thyroid gland (lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy). Despite the fact that they are uncommon, the majority of surgeons dislike doing incomplete resections (sub-total or practically entire thyroidectomy).
A complete organ that is moved from its natural site to a new one, either inside the same person or in a different person. Both words imply that graft or transplant success will result in an organism that is robust and flourishing and takes nutrition from its new environment.
Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex subspecialties of contemporary medicine. Organ rejection, which happens when the recipient's body produces an immune reaction to the transplanted organ, is one of the most crucial areas for medical care. Organ rejection can lead to transplant failure and the obligation to remove the organ from the recipient immediately.
In order to replace a damaged or missing organ, a recipient's body will receive an organ from the donor body during an organ transplantation surgery. It is possible for the donor and recipient to be in the same place, or organs may need to be moved from the donor site to the recipient site. Autografts are defined as organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the body of the same individual. Allografts are recent transplants carried out between two members of the same species. Allografts can come from either cadaveric or live sources.
Successful organ transplants have been performed on the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, thymus, and uterine. Tissues include cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves, and veins (both of which are referred to as musculoskeletal grafts).
General surgery treats gastrointestinal issues involving the oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix, bile ducts, and, in some cases, the thyroid gland. They also treat with injuries, hernias, peripheral artery disease, skin, soft tissue, and breast issues. They also carry out endoscopic operations like colonoscopies and gastroscopies.
The surgical treatment of disorders affecting any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system is the primary goal of the medical field of neurosurgery, which is widely referred as neurological surgery or brain surgery in popular usage.
Subtracts:
· Neuro-oncology
· Vein graft
· Discectomy
· Neurectomy
· Functional neurosurgery
· Neurovascular surgery
· Traumatology
· Skull-base surgery
· Spinal surgery
Orthopedic surgery, sometimes known as orthopedics, is the branch of surgery that deals with musculoskeletal problems. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical methods to treat musculoskeletal damage, spinal ailments, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, malignancies, and congenital issues.
Orthopedic surgery corrects problems that arise in the skeleton's ligaments, tendons, and connectors. Additionally, it might help with some nervous system problems, such as those brought on by spinal injury. These problems could arise as a result of birth, injury, or aging. They could occur gradually over time, like many age-related problems, or suddenly, like an injury.
Subtracts:
· Joint arthroscopy
· Arthroplasty
· Bone tumors surgery
· Complex trauma surgery
· Laminotomy
· Synovectomy
· Arthritis surgery
Hand transplantation is a surgical methodology to transplant a hand from one individual to another. The donor hand usually comes from a brain-dead donor and is transplanted to a recipient who has lost one or both hands/arms.
Injuries, infections, and other ailments that may affect the hand or upper extremity are all treated through hand surgery (usually from the tip of the hand to the shoulder). Hand surgery can be practiced by general surgery, orthopedic surgery, and plastic surgery graduates. Chiroplasty or cheiloplasty is the name for hand plastic surgery.
Hand surgeons perform a wide range of operations, including fracture repairs, releases, transfers, and tendon repairs in addition to reconstructing injuries, rheumatoid deformities, and congenital anomalies. In addition to reattaching amputated fingers and limbs, they also do microsurgical repair of soft tissues and bone, nerve rebuilding, and surgery to improve function in paralyzed upper limbs.
Subtracts:
· Bursectomy
· Acromioplasty
· Hand transplantation